Childhood trauma and suicide risk in a sample of young individuals aged 14–35 years in southern Brazil     

Luana Porto Barbosa  Luciana Quevedo  Giovanna Del Grande da Silva  Karen Jansen  Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro  Jerônimo Branco  Diogo Lara  Jean Oses  Ricardo Azevedo da Silva 《Child abuse & neglect》2014

Suicide is among the main causes of death of people aged between 15 and 44 years old. Childhood trauma is an important risk factor for suicide. Hence, the objective of this study was to verify the relationship between childhood trauma and current suicide risk (suicidal behavior and ideation) in individuals aged 14–35 years, in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study. Sample selection was performed by clusters. Suicide risk was evaluated using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and Childhood trauma was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Moreover, the participants responded to a questionnaire concerning socioeconomic status, work, and substance use. The sample was composed of 1,380 individuals. The prevalence of suicide risk was 11.5%. The prevalence figures of childhood trauma were 15.2% (emotional neglect), 13.5% (physical neglect), 7.6% (sexual abuse), 10.1% (physical abuse), and 13.8% (emotional abuse). Suicide risk was associated (p < .001) with gender, work, alcohol abuse, tobacco use, and all types of childhood trauma. The odds of suicide risk were higher in women (OR = 1.8), people who were not currently working (OR = 2.3), individuals who presented alcohol abuse (OR = 2.6), and among tobacco smokers (OR = 3.4). Moreover, suicide risk was increased in all types of trauma: emotional neglect (OR = 3.7), physical neglect (OR = 2.8), sexual abuse (OR = 3.4), physical abuse (OR = 3.1), and emotional abuse (OR = 6.6). Thus, preventing early trauma may reduce suicide risk in young individuals.  相似文献   

Spanish Teachers' Epistemological and Scientific Conceptions: Implications for teacher education1     

Rafael Porlán Ariza  Rosa Martín Del Pozo 《欧洲师范教育杂志》2002,25(2-3):151-169

We present the theoretical framework, the central issues, bibliographic antecedents, and most relevant results of three studies concerning Spanish teachers' epistemological and scientific conceptions. The samples analysed present a majority tendency towards an absolutist view of knowledge and an empiricist conception of science. In our view, this represents a real obstacle to constructive and active professional development. Finally, we argue the need for an epistemological education of teachers that is closely linked to the design and development of the school curriculum, and that does not reproduce the traditional academicist-type models.  相似文献   

Domain‐General Learning and Memory Substrates of Reading Acquisition     

F. Sayako Earle  Stephanie N. Del Tufo  Tanya M. Evans  Jarrad A. G. Lum  Laurie E. Cutting  Michael T. Ullman 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2020,14(2):176-186

Prior research has demonstrated that linguistic skills and knowledge contribute to successful reading acquisition. In contrast, little is known about the influence of domain‐general learning abilities on reading. To investigate associations between general memory functions and reading during the early stages of learning to read, performance measures of word‐level reading and of declarative and procedural learning were obtained in a cohort of 140 children, annually during their first 4 years of school. We hypothesized that differences in learning task performance would relate to reading ability in the early years, when children are first learning to read. We employed a series of linear mixed effects models to test the relationships between learning abilities and reading across time. Declarative learning performance predicted reading ability in first grade, while procedural learning performance predicted reading ability in second grade. Our findings suggest that reading acquisition may depend in part on general capacities for learning.  相似文献   

Making Research Methods Concepts Relevant for Students: An Illustrative Study on Low Self-control,Class Attendance,and Student Performance     

Ryan Charles Meldrum  Juan E. Del Rio 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2013,24(4):495-516

Undergraduate students in criminology programs often contend that learning research methods is difficult in part because they struggle to see the relevance of the concepts addressed in such classes. The current study, utilizing original data collected from approximately 200 undergraduate students enrolled in a research methods course, focuses on a topic that is highly relevant for students?whether attending class mediates the effect of low self-control on student performance. The results show that while low self-control and class attendance each have direct effects on student performance, attendance does not mediate the effect of low self-control. In addition, the effect of low self-control on student performance varies according to the dimension of low self-control modeled, and the effect of class attendance on student performance is nonlinear. Closing discussion, in addition to describing implications and limitations of the study, highlights how the study encompasses several key research methods–related concepts.  相似文献   

Textbook adoption and other landmark decisions: The coverage of court cases in criminal justice textbooks, 1986 to 1995     

Richard A. Wright  Cindy Sheridan  Rolando V. Del Carmen 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2013,24(2):145-162

We examine the coverage of court cases in 23 introductory criminal justice textbooks published from 1986 to 1995. The 30 cases receiving the most coverage (in inches of print) in the textbooks are identified and ranked by the amount of attention each receives. Collectively these cases can be considered the “landmark” decisions in the textbooks. We then evaluate the criminal justice textbooks by how extensively they cover (1) court cases in general and (2) the landmark cases in particular. We conclude with some recommendations of textbooks for course adoption.  相似文献   

Journals in criminal justice and criminology: An updated and expanded guide for authors     

Michael S. Vaughn  Rolando V. Del Carmen  Martin Perfecto  Ka Xiong Charand 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2013,24(1):61-192

This article provides an annotated list of 326 journals in criminal justice and criminology. After consulting the “notes for contributors” sections of each journal, the authors mailed a self-administered survey to all journal editors soliciting their input on their editorial policies. Journal websites were also consulted to construct the journals' mission, scope, and editorial focus. A total of 221 editors returned the survey for a return rate of 68%. The following entries present an annotation that summarizes the mission, philosophy, and editorial policies of each journal. Following the annotations, the chart documents contact information for the editors and editorial policies concerning submissions to each journal.  相似文献   

Narrative study of a high school English teacher’s beliefs about teaching students identified as having a disability     

B. Del Rosario 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(6):645-655

A qualitative study probing the connection between a high school English teacher’s lived experience and beliefs about teaching students identified as having a disability using interview story method was undertaken. Struggles with family quickly emerged as a dominant storyline in the participant’s discussion of her beliefs about teaching such students. The teacher’s value of diversity in students, regardless of disability/ability status, evolved from family relations. The narrative also illuminates the importance of persistence and compromise in preserving and developing relationships that extend to colleagues and students. Lessons learned from gathering the narrative are also discussed.  相似文献   

Using an automated tool to calculate return on investment and cost benefit figures for resources: the Health Sciences and Human Services Library experience     

Bodycomb A  Del Baglivo M 《Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA》2012,100(2):127-130

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Relationship between physiological parameters and performance during a half-ironman triathlon in the heat     

Juan Del Coso  Cristina González  Javier Abian-Vicen  Juan José Salinero Martín  Lidon Soriano  Francisco Areces 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(18):1680-1687

Abstract

Triathlon is a popular outdoor endurance sport performed under a variety of environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to assess physiological variables before and after a half-ironman triathlon in the heat and to analyse their relationship with performance. Thirty-four well-trained triathletes completed a half-ironman triathlon in a mean dry temperature of 29 ± 3ºC. Before and within 1 min after the end of the race, body mass, core temperature, maximal jump height and venous blood samples were obtained. Mean race time was 315 ± 40 min, with swimming (11 ± 1%), cycling (49 ± 2%) and running (40 ± 3%) representing different amounts of the total race time. At the end of the competition, body mass changed by ?3.8 ± 1.6% and the change in body mass correlated positively with race time (r = 0.64; P < 0.001). Core temperature increased from 37.5 ± 0.6ºC to 38.8 ± 0.7ºC (P < 0.001) and post-race core temperature correlated negatively with race time (r = ?0.47; P = 0.007). Race time correlated positively with the decrease in jump height (r = 0.38; P = 0.043), post-race serum creatine kinase (r = 0.55; P = 0.001) and myoglobin concentrations (r = 0.39; P = 0.022). In a half-ironman triathlon in the heat, greater reductions in body mass and higher post-competition core temperatures were present in faster triathletes. In contrast, slower triathletes presented higher levels of muscle damage and decreased muscle performance.  相似文献   

Tres pies al gato: significado,sentido y cultura cotidiana en la educación     

Pablo Del Río  Amelia Álvarez 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(59-60):43-61

Resumen

Se pasa revista en este artículo a los tres ejes que conforman la línea de investigación de los autores en psicología de la educación, a saber, considerar la arquitectura, no sólo cognitiva, sino instrumental y cultural, del significado; la necesidad de unir en la investigación y en el diseño educativo las vertientes de significado y de sentido que caracterizan el funcionamiento psicológico de los individuos, y que solo se articulan sobre la base de sistemas de actividad; por último, la necesidad de contemplar las formas de representación humanas menos formalizadas y desdeñadas hasta hace muy poco por la psicología de la educación: las denominadas bajo el epígrafe de conocimiento informal. En torno a estos tres ejes, se exponen ejemplos de investigación y de intervención que conforman lo que hemos denominado diseño cultural.  相似文献